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References

 

Boulanger, Y., Taylor, A. R., Price, D. T., Cyr, D., McGarrigle, E., Rammer, W., . . . Mansuy, N. (2017). Climate change impacts on forest landscapes along the canadian southern boreal forest transition zone. Landscape Ecology, 32(7), 1415-1431. doi:10.1007/s10980-016-0421-7

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Brown, C. D., & Evans, P. (2017). The boreal–temperate forest ecotone response to climate change. Environmental Reviews, 25(4), 423-431. doi:10.1139/er-2017-0009

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Chen, H. Y. H., & Luo, Y. (2015). Net aboveground biomass declines of four major forest types with forest ageing and climate change in western canada's boreal forests. Global Change Biology, 21(10), 3675-3684. doi:10.1111/gcb.12994

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de Lafontaine, G., & Payette, S. (2011). Shifting zonal patterns of the southern boreal forest in eastern canada associated with changing fire regime during the holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(7), 867-875. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.01.002

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Girardin, M. P., Bernier, P. Y., Raulier, F., Tardif, J. C., Conciatori, F., & Guo, X. J. (2011). Testing for a CO2 fertilization effect on growth of canadian boreal forests. Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences, 116(1) doi:10.1029/2010JG001287

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Girardin, M. P., Bouriaud, O., Hogg, E. H., Kurz, W., Zimmermann, N. E., Metsaranta, J. M., . . . Bhatti, J. (2016). No growth stimulation of canada's boreal forest under half-century of combined warming and CO2 fertilization. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(52), E8406.

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Lafontaine, G. d., Turgeon, J., Payette, S., & Carine, M. (2010). Phylogeography of white spruce ( picea glauca ) in eastern north america reveals contrasting ecological trajectories. Journal of Biogeography, 37(4), 741-751. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02241.x

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Lloyd, A. H., Duffy, P. A., & Mann, D. H. (2013). Nonlinear responses of white spruce growth to climate variability in interior alaska. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 43(999), 331-343. doi:10.1139/cjfr-2012-0372

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Meinhausen, M., Smith, S. J., Calvin, K., Daniel, J. S., Kainuma, M. L. T., Lamarque, J., Matsumoto, K., MontzkaS S. A., Raper C. B., Riahi, K., Thomson, A., Velders, G. J. M., van Vuuren, D.P. P. (2011). The RCP greenhouse gas concentrations and their extensions from 1765 to 2300. Climatic Change, 109(1-2), 213-241. doi:10.1007/s10584-011-0156-z

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Merow, C., Smith, M. J., & Silander, J. A. (2013). A practical guide to MaxEnt for modeling species’ distributions: What it does, and why inputs and settings matter. Ecography, 36(10), 1058-1069. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0587.2013.07872.x

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Murray, D. L., Peers, M. J., Majchrzak, Y. N., Wehtje, M., Ferreira, C., Pickles, R. S., ... & Thornton, D. H. (2017). Continental divide: Predicting climate-mediated fragmentation and biodiversity loss in the boreal forest. PloS one, 12(5), e0176706.

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Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry. (2019). Weather. Retrieved from https://www.ontario.ca/page/weather#section-5

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Ontario Centre for Climate Impacts and Adaptation Resources (OCCIAR). (n.d.). Climate Trends [PDF file]. Retrieved from http://www.climateontario.ca/doc/publications/HistoricalClimateTrendsForOttawaA1.pdf

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Soja, A. J., Tchebakova, N. M., French, N. H. F., Flannigan, M. D., Shugart, H. H., Stocks, B. J., . . . Stackhouse, P. W. (2007). Climate-induced boreal forest change: Predictions versus current observations. Global and Planetary Change, 56(3), 274-296. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.028

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Stinziano, J. R., & Way, D. A. (2014). Combined effects of rising [CO2] and temperature on boreal forests: Growth, physiology and limitations. Botany, 92(6), 425-436. doi:10.1139/cjb-2013-0314

 

Thomson, A. M., Parker, W. H., & Crowe, K. A. (2010). Optimal white spruce breeding zones for Ontario under current and future climates. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 40(8), 1576-1587. doi:10.1139/X10-112

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Trindade, M., Cumming, S., Greene, D., & Macdonald, S. E. (2009). Canopy and emergent white spruce in "pure" broadleaf stands: Frequency, predictive models, and ecological importance.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 39(10), 1997-2004. doi:10.1139/X09-094

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